This module explores wild plant harvest practices, use and non-use values, and problems and solutions. Use cases are used to explore wild plant harvest, including wild medicinal plant harvest and sustainable harvest practices.

Additional Resources

References

Armenia Gender Project (2018): Wild Harvst Value Chain Assessment Report. Armenia. With assistance of Internaional Finance Corporation. Armenia.

Batello, Catherina; Avanzato, Damiano; Akparov, Zeynal; Kartvelishvili, Tamar; Melikyan, Andreas (2010): Gardens of biodiversity. Conservation of genetic resources and their use in traditional food production systems by small farmers of the Southern Caucasus. Rome: FAO.

Bharucha, Zareen; Pretty, Jules (2010): The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. In Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 365 (1554), pp. 2913–2926. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0123.

Bonjour, Sophie; Adair-Rohani, Heather; Wolf, Jennyfer; Bruce, Nigel G.; Mehta, Sumi; Prüss-Ustün, Annette et al. (2013): Solid fuel use for household cooking: country and regional estimates for 1980-2010. In Environmental health perspectives 121 (7), pp. 784–790. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205987.

Brown, Greg (2013): The relationship between social values for ecosystem services and global land cover. An empirical analysis. In Ecosystem Services 5, pp. 58–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.06.004.

Brown, Greg; Montag, Jessica M.; Lyon, Katie (2012): Public Participation GIS. A Method for Identifying Ecosystem Services. In Society & Natural Resources 25 (7), pp. 633–651. DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2011.621511.

Bussmann, Rainer W.; Sharon, Douglas (2009): Markets, Healers, Vendors, Collectors: The Sustainability of Medicinal Plant Use in Northern Peru. In Mountain Research and Development 29 (2), pp. 128–134. DOI: 10.1659/mrd.1083.

Canedoli, Claudia; Bullock, Craig; Collier, Marcus J.; Joyce, Deirdre; Padoa-Schioppa, Emilio (2017): Public Participatory Mapping of Cultural Ecosystem Services. Citizen Perception and Park Management in the Parco Nord of Milan (Italy). In Sustainability 9, pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.3390/su9060891.

Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S.; Price, Lisa L. (2014): Gathering of wild food plants in anthropogenic environments across the seasons. Implications for poor and vulnerable farm households. In Ecology of food and nutrition 53 (4), pp. 363–389. DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2013.808631.

Egoh, Benis. N.; O'Farrel, Patrick. J.; Charef, Aymen.; Gurney, Leigh. J.; Koellner, Thomas.; Abi, Henry. N. et al. (2012): An African account of ecosystem service provision. Use, threats and policy options for sustainable livelihoods. In Ecosystem Services 2, pp. 71–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.09.004.

Elagöz, Vahram (2020): Wild Plant Harvest in Armenia: An Overview of the Sector and Government Strategies on Regulation, Conservation, Protection and Use of Biodiversity. Literature Review. With assistance of AUA Acopian Center for the Environment.

Fagerholm, Nora; Käyhkö, Niina; Ndumbaro, Festo; Khamis, Miza (2012): Community stakeholders’ knowledge in landscape assessments – Mapping indicators for landscape services. In Ecological Indicators 18, pp. 421–433. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.004.

FAO (1997): The State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO. Rome.

Grigoryan, Heghine: Analysis of the Legislation and Institutional Framework for Collection of Plant Resources. With assistance of AUA Acopian Center for the Environment. 15.06.2020.

Hovsepyan, Roman; Stepanyan-Gandilyan, Nina; Melkumyan, Hamlet; Harutyunyan, Lili (2016): Food as a marker for economy and part of identity. Traditional vegetal food of Yezidis and Kurds in Armenia. In Journal of Ethnic Foods 3 (1), pp. 32–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.jef.2016.01.003.

Hovsepyan, Roman; Stepanyan-Gandilyan, Nina; Stollberg, Christian (2019): Phytomedicinal Knowledge and “Official” Sources in Tatev (Armenia). In Ethnobiology Letters 10 (1), pp. 23–34. DOI: 10.14237/ebl.10.1.2019.1266.

Kaoma, Humphrey; Shackleton, Charlie M. (2015): The direct-use value of urban tree non-timber forest products to household income in poorer suburbs in South African towns. In Forest Policy and Economics 61, pp. 104–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2015.08.005.

MA (2005): Ecosystems and Human Well-being. Health Synthesis. With assistance of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, World Health Organization. WHO Press. France.

Mark, Arthur S.; G.B., Deepa; Rao, Jagannatha (2017): Sustainable harvesting, value addition and marketing of wild medicinal plants. Designing participatory methods and process of field implementation - case study from Silent Valley and Peechi Wildlife Divisions of Kerala. Kerala, India.

Mark, Arthur S.; G.B., Deepa; Rao, Jagannatha (2018): Sustainable harvesting of NTFPs and medicinal plants. A participatory approach. With assistance of Government of India: Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Reserach Institute Peechi. Edited by A. V. Raghu, M. Amruth, K. V. Muhammed Kunhi, V. P. Raveendran, S. Viswanath.

McLain, Rebecca J.; Hurley, Patrick T.; Emery, Marla R.; Poe, Melissa R. (2013): Gathering “wild” food in the city. Rethinking the role of foraging in urban ecosystem planning and management. In Local Environment 19 (2), pp. 220–240. DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2013.841659.

Menendez-Baceta, Gorka; Aceituno-Mata, Laura; Tardío, Javier; Reyes-García, Victoria; Pardo-de-Santayana, Manuel (2012): Wild edible plants traditionally gathered in Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Basque Country). In Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59 (7), pp. 1329–1347. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-011-9760-z.

Mollee, Eefke; Pouliot, Mariève; McDonald, Morag A. (2017): Into the urban wild. Collection of wild urban plants for food and medicine in Kampala, Uganda. In Land Use Policy 63, pp. 67–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.020.

Poe, Melissa R.; McLain, Rebecca J.; Emery, Marla; Hurley, Patrick T. (2013): Urban Forest Justice and the Rights to Wild Foods, Medicines, and Materials in the City. In Human Ecology 41 (3), pp. 409–422. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-013-9572-1.

Schulp, Catharina J.E.; Thuiller, Wilfried; Verburg, Peter H. (2014): Wild Food in Europe. A Synthesis of Knowledge and Data of Terrestrial Wild Food as an Ecosystem Service. In Ecological Economics 105, pp. 292–305. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.06.018

Schunko, Christoph; Vogl, Christian R. (2010): Organic Farmers Use of Wild Food Plants and Fungi in a Hilly Area in Austria (Styria). In Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine 6 (17), pp. 1–14. Available online at http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/6/1/17.

Sõukand, Renata (2016): Perceived Reasons for Changes in the Use of Wild Food Plants in Saaremaa, Estonia. In Appetite 107, pp. 231–241. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.011.

Stryamets, Nataliya; Elbakidze, Marine; Ceuterick, Melissa; Angelstam, Per; Axelsson, Robert (2015): From economic survival to recreation. Contemporary uses of wild food and medicine in rural Sweden, Ukraine and NW Russia. In Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine 11 (53), pp. 1–18. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0036-0.

Tabuti, J.R.S. (2007): Status of non-cultivated food plants in Bulamogi County, Uganda. In African Journal of Ecology 45 (1), pp. 96–101.

Termote, Céline; van Damme, Patrick; Dhed’a Djailo, Benoît (2011): Eating from the wild. Turumbu, Mbole and Bali traditional knowledge on non-cultivated edible plants, District Tshopo, DRCongo. In Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 58 (4), pp. 585–618. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-010-9602-4.

Vandebroek, Ina; Reyes-García, Victoria; Albuquerque, Ulysses P. de; Bussmann, Rainer; Pieroni, Andrea (2011): Local knowledge. Who cares? In Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine 7 (35), pp. 1–7. Available online at http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/7/1/35, checked on 5/21/2020.

Wehi, Priscilla M.; Wehi, William L. (2010): Traditional Plant Harvesting in Contemporary Fragmented and Urban Landscapes. In Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 24 (2), pp. 594–604. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01376.x.

 

Image & Internet Sources

https://ilakenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/spectrum-people.png

http://www.firstlightnaturalhealth.co.nz/media/wysiwyg/FLNH/blog/new-zealand-nature.jpg

https://www.doc.govt.nz/thumbs/hero/contentassets/8c90d0aa2f6b47658c9c4812ebcd408d/southern-rata-enderby-island-hero.jpg

http://www.namastenewzealand.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Mt.jpg

https://www.google.de/maps

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Munnar20%2CKerala%2C_India.jpg/1024px-Munnar20%2CKerala%2C_India.jpg

https://bookretreats.com/assets/photo/retreat/0m/7k/7439/p_137854/1000_1524894033.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tea_Fields_Of_Munnar%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/1280px-Tea_Fields_Of_Munnar%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg

https://www.keralatourism.org/images/hri/large/ayurveda_medicines_2.jpg

https://healthandglow.com/blog/natural-ayurveda-inspired-beauty-tips-amazing-skin-hair/

https://www.silloth-on-solway.co.uk/2018/06/28/public-participation/

http://www.senseandsustainability.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/image1.jpg

https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/media/43602/woodland-trust-tree-id-app.jpg

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rYU766ztdbY/hqdefault.jpg

https://media.indiatimes.com/media/content/2017/May/plant_head_1494335397.jpg

https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/conservation-status/

 

Links to Examples Used

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXrG8js6teE

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/taste-wild-side-out-yerevan-and-armenias-local-dishes-180960889/

https://acenew.aua.am/wild-plant-collection/

https://1000leaf.aua.am/

https://identify.plantnet.org/

https://acenew.aua.am/wild-plant-collection/

Module is Prepared by

Slides and scripts by: Miriam Rueger 

Editors: Nare Krmoyan, Tatev Haroyan, Siranush Harutyunyan, Gohar Shahinyan  

Advisors: Claudia Bieling and Alen Amirkhanian

Editing and Post Production: Argishti Azizyan

Languages: Armenian and English

Publication Year: 2021